Analysis of psychological crisis vulnerability among rural college students and its related factors / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand vulnerability to psychological crisis among rural college students and its related factors, so as to provide reference for the prevention or intervention of psychological crisis among rural college students.@*Methods@#A total of 3 560 rural college students from grade one to grade three from five universities were selected using convenient cluster sampling method from January to September 2022 in Nanyang City. General information, vulnerability to psychological crisis, parenting style and Scale of Perceived Social Self efficacy (PSSE) were collected and analyzed through questionnaire.@*Results@#Among the investigated rule college students, the score of psychological crisis vulnerability and spoiling dimension of parenting style were (10.76± 3.46 ) points and (2.68±0.55) points, while the score of trust encouragement dimension of parenting style and PSSE were (2.52± 0.62 ) points and (3.29±0.61) points. Pearson correlation analysis showed that vulnerability to psychological crisis of rural students was positively correlated with spoiling and neglect ( r =0.32, 0.49), and was negatively correlated with trust encouragement, emotional warmth and PSSE ( r =-0.38, -0.53, -0.51)( P <0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that single parent family or other families, poor students, left behind experience, high score of spoiling and high score of neglect revealed high psychological crisis vulnerability ( P <0.05). High score of trust encouragement, high score of emotional warmth and PSSE were associated with low vulnerability to psychological crisis ( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Vulnerability to psychological crisis among rural college students is higher, which is related to the family structure, students whether they are poor, leftover experience, parenting style and PSSE. Mental health among rural college students should be promoted by strengthening communication with students parents and cultivating students social self efficacy.

High risk human papilloma virus (HPV) oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma in a private tertiary care setting in the Philippines: Prevalence, clinical characteristics and testing

Objective@#To determine the prevalence and describe the clinical characteristics of high risk HPV mong patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas in our institution utilizing p16 and HPV DNA in-situ hybridization testing and to determine the factors associated with high risk HPV positivity.@*Methods@# Design: Retrospective Cohort Review Setting: Tertiary Private Training Hospital Participants: 29 @*Results@#A total of 29 primary oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas were diagnosed during the 11-year study period (January 2010 to December 2021). Based on the HPV in-situ hybridization status, the prevalence of high risk HPV oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma in our institution was 52%. Majority of these cases were males (87.5%) with a median age of ≤55 years old (60%) who are non-smokers (88.2%) and non-drinkers of alcoholic beverages (80%). There was no statistically significant association between age group, sex, smoking status, alcohol intake, lymph node status and high risk HPV infection. The most common tumor site involved in HPV-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma was the tonsil (87%). Majority demonstrated a nonkeratinizing histology (73%) with positive lymph node status (67%) upon clinical presentation. Fifteen (83%) of the 18 p16 positive squamous cell carcinomas were positive for high risk HPVDNA. Of note, 3 (17%) out of the 18 p16 positive squamous cell carcinomas turned out to have negative HPV DNA-ISH status.@*Conclusion@#Although no statistically significant correlation between any clinical characteristic with viral status was established, HPV-mediated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma in this institution was commonly seen among males aged 54 years old and below who are nonsmokers and non-drinkers of alcoholic beverages with the palatine tonsil as the most common site presenting with a non-keratinizing histology. In terms of testing, p16 staining correlates well with high risk HPV status. Future studies utilizing a larger patient population may aid in elucidating statistically significant clinical associations in our local population

Criteria for selection and classification of studies in medical events

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of study methodology and evaluation type on the selection of studies during the presentation of scientific events. METHODS: A prospective, observational, transversal approach was applied to a cohort of studies that were submitted for presentation at the 2021 Brazilian Breast Cancer Symposium. Three forms of criteria (CR) were presented. CR1 was based on six criteria (method, ethics, design, originality, promotion, and social contribution); CR2 graded the studies from 0 to 10 for each study, and CR3 was based on five criteria (presentation, method, originality, scientific knowledge, and social contribution). To evaluate the item correlation, Cronbach's alpha and factorial analysis were performed. For the evaluation of differences between the tests, we used the Kruskal-Wallis and post-hoc Dunn tests. To determine the differences in the study classifications, we used the Friedman test and Namenyi's all-pairs comparisons. RESULTS: A total of 122 studies were evaluated. There was also a good correlation with the items concerning criterion 1 (α=0.730) and 3 (α=0.937). Evaluating CR1 methodology, study design and social contribution (p=0.741) represents the main factor and CR3 methodology, and the scientific contribution (p=0.994) represents the main factor. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed differences in the results (p<0.001) for all the criteria that were used [CR1-CR2 (p<0.001), CR1-CR3 (p<0.001), and CR2-CR3 (p=0.004)]. The Friedman test showed differences in the ranking of the studies (p<0.001) for all studies (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Methodologies that use multiple criteria show good correlation and should be taken into account when ranking the best studies.

Presencia de las distintas áreas quirúrgicas en el Congreso Nacional de Cirugía. Análisis de los últimos 12 años

Introducción: Los trabajos científicos permiten divulgar, compartir y contrastar resultados a terceros. Una de las formas de ver la actividad investigativa de cada especialidad es a través de las presentaciones que realizan en reuniones científicas. Objetivo: Describir el número de presentaciones de las distintas especialidades o áreas quirúrgicas en Chile en el principal congreso realizado a nivel nacional y evaluar si el comportamiento fue distinto durante los años de pandemia por coronavirus. Material y Método: Estudio bibliométrico del Congreso Chileno de Cirugía entre los años 2010 y 2021 evaluando el número total de presentaciones por área quirúrgica, año de presentación y período categorizado en 2010 a 2019 y 2020 a 2021. Se realiza estadística descriptiva y análisis de asociación de medias de publicaciones por área y período. Resultados: Se identificaron 4.462 presentaciones, incluyendo resúmenes orales, póster, videos y jornada de residentes. La media total fue 371,8 trabajos anuales. Coloproctología y Cirugía Gastroesofágica aportaron un total de 616 (13,8%) y 598 (13,4%) respectivamente. La media de presentaciones anuales previo a la pandemia por coronavirus fue de 414, en contraste a los 160 trabajos anuales durante ella, existiendo una disminución significativa de medias de presentaciones por área de 27,6 (± 18,8) a 10,7 (± 8,69) (p < 0,001), sin diferencias sus porcentajes de participación respecto del total (p = 0,776). Conclusión: Coloproctología y Cirugía Gastroesofágica son las áreas quirúrgicas más representadas. Si bien en el período contemporáneo a la pandemia por coronavirus significó una disminución en las presentaciones, no se observó una modificación en el porcentaje de participación de algún área en particular.

Introduction: Scientific studies allow the disclosure, sharing and comparison of results with third parties. One of the ways to see the investigative activity of each medical specialty is through the presentations they make at scientific meetings. Aim: To describe the number of presentations of the different surgical specialties or areas in Chile in the main congress held at a national level and to assess whether the behavior was different during the years of the coronavirus pandemic. Material and Method: Bibliometric study of the Chilean Congress of Surgery between 2010 and 2021, evaluating the total number of presentations by surgical area, year of presentation and two categorized periods (2010 to 2019 and 2020 to 2021). Descriptive statistics and association analysis of publication means by area and period are performed. Results: 4,462 presentations were identified, including oral summaries, posters, videos, and residents' sessions, with a mean of 371.8 per year. Coloproctology and Gastroesophageal Surgery contributed a total of 616 (13.8%) and 598 (13.4%) respectively. The mean number of annual presentations prior to the coronavirus pandemic was 414, in contrast to the 160 annual works during it, with a significant decrease in the mean number of presentations per area from 27.6 (± 18.8) to 10.7 (± 8.69) (p < 0.001), without differences in their percentages of participation with respect to the total (p = 0.776). Conclusion: Coloproctology and Gastroesophageal Surgery are the most represented surgical areas. Although the contemporary period of the coronavirus pandemic meant a decrease in presentations, no change was observed in the percentage of participation in any particular area.

Desordens orais potencialmente malignas: uma análise bibliométrica dos trabalhos apresentados na sociedade brasileira de pesquisa odontológica (sbpqo) / Oral potentially malignant disorders: a bibliometric analysisof the works presented at brazilian society of dental research (sbpqo)

Objetivo: as Desordens Orais Potencialmente Malignas (DOPMs) consistem em lesões e condições epiteliais que apresentam risco aumentado de malignidade. Nessa pesquisa, buscou-se identificar o perfil da produção cien-tífica brasileira sobre as DOPMs, a partir de uma análise bibliométrica dos trabalhos apresentados nas Reuniões da Sociedade Brasileira de Pesquisa Odontológica (SBPqO). Materiais e Métodos: foi realizado um estudo bibliométrico, em que foram analisados os anais das reuniões anuais da SBPqO realizadas entre 2015 a 2019. Incluiu-se resumos sobre DOPMs apresentados em qualquer categoria e as seguintes informações foram extraídas: ano, desenho do estudo, tipo de DOPM, unidade federativa, localização e instituição de ensino superior de origem. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva. Resultados:foram identificados 91 resumos. A maior parte foi publicada em 2015 (24,2%) e por autores do estado de São Paulo (22%). A leucoplasia foi a desordem mais frequente (36,2%), seguida pela queilite actínica (35,2%). A maioria dos estudos foi de autoria de pesquisadores das regiões Sudeste (29%) e Sul (28%). Em relação à instituição de ensino, grande parte (68,1%) foi proveniente de universidades públicas. O tipo de estudo mais frequente foi pesquisa labo-ratorial básica (57,1%). Discussão: os achados do estudo indicam que o número de pesquisas sobre as DOPMs apresentadas nas Reuniões da SBPqO ainda é reduzido, concentrados na região sudeste e nas universidades públicas. Conclusão: realizar novas pesquisas a respeito desse tema é muito importante, pois permite a descoberta de informações relevantes para a saúde dos indivíduos frente a essa neoplasia.

Objective: Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMDs) are lesions and epithelial conditions that present an increased risk of malignancy. In this research, the aim was to identify the profile of Brazilian scientific produc-tion on DOPMs, based on a bibliometric analysis of the works presented at the Meetings of the Brazilian Dental Research Society (SBPqO). Materials and Methods: a bibliometric study was carried out, in which the annals of the annual SBPqO meetings held between 2015 and 2019 were analyzed. Abstracts about DOPMs presented in any category were included and the following information was extracted: year, study design, type of DOPM, federative unit, location and educational institution of origin. The data were analyzed using descriptive sta-tistics. Results: 91 abstracts were identified. Most were published in 2015 (24.2%) and by authors from the state of São Paulo (22%). Leukoplakia was the most frequent disorder (36.2%), followed by actinic cheilitis (35.2%). Most of the studies were authored by researchers from the Southeast (29%) and South (28%) regions. Regarding the educational institution, a large part (68.1%) came from public universities. The most frequent type of study was basic laboratory research (57.1%). Discussion: the study findings indicate that the number of researches on DOPMs presented at the SBPqO Meetings is still small, concentrated in the Southeast region and in public universities. Conclusion: conducting new research on this topic is very important, as it allows the discovery of information relevant to the health of individuals in the face of this neoplasm.

A matter of quality: Kurt Goldstein's assessment of the abstract attitude after brain damage / Una cuestión de calidad: El examen de Kurt Goldstein de la actitud abstracta después de un daño cerebral

ABSTRACT Neurologist and psychiatrist Kurt Goldstein (1878-1965) made substantial contributions to neuropsychology in general and to the development of tests for the assessment of brain damage sequelae in particular. Unlike present-day neuropsychology's psychometric orientation, Goldstein kept a critical distance to a mere quantitative evaluation. Eighty years ago, he impressively demonstrated his own, qualitatively oriented diagnostic approach both in a remarkable monograph and in a didactic film, in collaboration with psychologist Martin Scheerer (1900-1961). By modifying a classical paradigm for the assessment of deficits in visuospatial construction, the Block Design Test, the two authors developed the Goldstein-Scheerer Cube Test. This version characterizes itself by offering the patient different types of cues in order to reveal the nature of the deficit at stake. The test remains an impressive illustration of Goldstein's most famous neuropsychological concept, viz. the human ability to abstract from a concrete situation: the abstract (or categorial) attitude.

RESUMEN El neurólogo y psiquiatra Kurt Goldstein (1878-1965) hizo contribuciones sustanciales a la neuropsicología en general y al desarrollo de tests para el examen de las secuelas de daños cerebrales en particular. Contrariamente a la actual orientación psicométrica de la neuropsicología, Goldstein mantuvo una distancia crítica hacia una mera evaluación cuantitativa. Hace ochenta años, demostró de manera impresionante su propio enfoque diagnóstico cualitativo en una notable monografía y en una película didáctica, en colaboración con el psicólogo Martin Scheerer (1900-1961). Mediante la modificación de un paradigma clásico para la evaluación de déficits en la construcción visual espacial, el test de diseño en bloques, estos autores desarrollaron el test de cubo Goldstein-Scheerer. Esta versión se caracteriza por ofrecer tipos graduados de ayuda al paciente individual para revelar la naturaleza del déficit en juego. Además, la prueba sigue siendo una impresionante ilustración del concepto más famoso de Goldstein, a saber, la capacidad humana para abstraer de una situación determinada: la actitud abstracta.

Crossing the Death Valley of publication process in cornea and ocular surface diseases: from abstracts presented at the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology annual meeting to full-text manuscripts / Atravessando o Vale da Morte do processo de publicação sobre doenças da córnea e da superfície ocular: de resumos apresentados no Encontro Anual da Associação de Pesquisa em Visão e Oftalmologia até artigos completos

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study was conducted to analyze the profile and publication rate of abstracts in indexed journals presented in the cornea section at the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology Annual Meeting and to further identify potential predictive factors for better outcomes. Methods: Abstracts accepted for presentation at the 2013 Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology Annual Meeting in the cornea section were sought via PubMed and Scopus to identify whether they had been published as full-text manuscripts. First author's name, time of publication, journal's name, and impact factor were recorded. A multivariate regression was performed to explore the association between variables and both the likelihood of publication and the journal's impact factor. A Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to evaluate the time course of publication of abstracts. Results: Of the 939 analyzed abstracts, 360 (38.3%) were published in journals with a median impact factor of 3.4. The median time interval between abstract submission and article publication was 22 months. The multivariate analysis revealed that abstracts were more likely to be published if they were funded (OR=1.482, p=0.005), had a control group (OR=1.511, p=0.016), and had a basic science research scope (OR=1.388, p=0.020). The journal's impact factor was higher in funded studies (β=0.163, p=0.002) but lower in multicenter studies (β=-0.170, p=0.001). The Kaplan-Meier analyses revealed significant differences in the publication time distribution for basic science vs clinical abstracts (χ2=7.636), controlled vs uncontrolled studies (χ2=6.921), and funded vs unfunded research (χ2=13.892) (p<0.05). Conclusion: Almost 40% of Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology abstracts were published within 5 years from submission. Funding support, basic research scope, and controlled design were the determinants of better outcomes of publication.(AU)

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar o perfil e a taxa de publicação em periódicos indexados de resumos apresentados na seção de córnea da reunião anual da Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology - ARVO, para identificar potenciais fatores preditivos com objetivo de obter melhores resultados. Métodos: Artigos que foram aceitos para apresentação no encontro anual da Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology - ARVO 2013 na seção de córnea foram pesquisados via PubMed e Scopus para identificar se haviam sido publicados como manuscritos com texto integral. Nome do primeiro autor, data de publicação, nome da revista e fator de impacto foram registrados. Foi feita uma regressão multivariada para estabelecer uma associação entre as variáveis e a chance de publicação e o fator de impacto da revista. Foi utilizado o método Kaplan-Meier para analisar o tempo da apresentação até a publicação dos artigos. Resultados: Dos 939 artigos analisados, 360 (38.3%) foram publicados em revistas com um fator de impacto médio de 3.4. O intervalo de tempo entre a submissão do resumo e a publicação do artigo teve como mediana 22 meses. Na análise multivariada, resumos tinham mais chance de publicação se tinham algum tipo de financiamento (OR=1.482, p=0.005), tinham grupo controle (OR=1.511, p=0.016) e estavam no âmbito da pesquisa científica básica (OR+1.388, p=0.020). O fator de impacto da revista era maior em estudos financiados (β=0.163, p=0.002) e mais baixo naqueles multicêntricos (β=-0.170, p=0.001). A análise Kaplan-Meier mostrou diferenças significativas na distribuição de tempo até a publicação de resumos de ciência básica vs clínicos (χ2=7.636), com grupo controle vs sem grupo controle (χ2=6.921) e financiados vs não financiados (χ2=13.892) (p<0.05). Conclusão: Aproximadamente 40% dos resumos apresentados no encontro da Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology - ARVO foram publicados dentro de 5 anos da submissão. Financiamento, pesquisa no âmbito da ciência básica e presença de grupo controle foram fatores determinantes para melhores resultados em relação à chance de publicação.(AU)

Visita domiciliar pela Estratégia Saúde da Família: limites e possibilidades no contexto da violência urbana no Rio de Janeiro / Home visit by the Family Health Strategy: limits and possibilities in the context of urban violence in Rio de Janeiro / Visita domiciliar por la Estrategia Salud de la Familia: límites y posibilidades en el contexto de la violencia urbana en Río de Janeiro

A Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) se organiza sobre uma base territorial, considerando as características locais e possibilitando às equipes conhecer o perfil da clientela e as situações vivenciadas no seu cotidiano. Nos últimos anos, o município do Rio de Janeiro expandiu a ESF para territórios altamente vulneráveis e as equipes aproximaram-se de áreas onde a violência urbana está fortemente presente. O objetivo foi compreender se a Visita Domiciliar (VD) permanece como uma ferramenta possível para a ESF, em contextos de violência urbana. Foi realizado um estudo de natureza qualitativa, com aplicação de entrevistas com roteiro semiestruturado e análise de conteúdo. Os resultados apontam que a VD é, prioritariamente, destinada à busca de usuários com alguma limitação de acesso à unidade, restrição ao leito ou domicílio. Segundo o relato dos profissionais, situações frequentes como incursão policial, confronto armado entre a polícia e traficantes, a presença de caveirões e o som de tiros e bombas, são limitadores para a realização da VD. A qualidade da atenção prestada fica prejudicada e as atividades no território sofrem grandes prejuízos, trazendo medo e insegurança, inclusive aos profissionais. A ESF se consolida como um serviço próximo a territórios marcados pela violência urbana, enfrentando desafios diários para aplicação de suas ferramentas, em especial a VD.

The Family Health Strategy (ESF) is organized on a territorial basis, considering the local characteristics and enabling teams to know the profile of their clientele and situations experienced in their daily lives. In recent years, the municipality of Rio de Janeiro has expanded the ESF to highly vulnerable territories and has approached to areas where urban violence is strongly present. The objective was to understand if the Home Visit (VD) remains as a possible tool for ESF, in contexts of urban violence. A qualitative study was carried out, using interviews with semi structured script and content analysis. The results indicate that the VD is, primarily, aimed to search for users with some limitation of access, restriction to the bed or domicile. According to professionals reports, frequent situations such as police incursions, armed clashes between police and drug dealers, the presence of caveirões and the sound of shots and bombs, are limiting for the accomplishment of VD. The quality of care provided is impaired and activities in territory suffer great losses, bringing fear and insecurity, including to professionals. The ESF consolidates itself as a service close to territories marked by urban violence, facing daily challenges for application of its tools, especially the RV.

La Estrategia Salud de la Familia (ESF) está organizada sobre una base territorial, considerando las características locales y permitiendo a los equipos conocer el perfil de la clientela y las situaciones experimentadas en su vida diaria. En los últimos años, el municipio de Río de Janeiro ha expandido la ESF a territorios altamente vulnerables y los equipos se han acercado a áreas donde la violencia urbana está fuertemente presente. El objetivo era comprender si la Visita Domiciliaria (VD) sigue siendo una posible herramienta para la ESF en contextos de violencia urbana. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo, usando entrevistas con guiones semiestructurados y análisis de contenido. Los resultados indican que la VD está destinada principalmente a la búsqueda de usuarios con alguna limitación de acceso a la unidad, restricción de lecho o domicilio. Según el informe de los profesionales, las situaciones frecuentes como redadas policiales, enfrentamientos armados entre la policía y los traficantes, la presencia de caveirões y el sonido de disparos y bombas, son limitantes para la realización de la VD. La calidad de la atención se ve afectada y las actividades en el territorio sufren grandes daños, lo que genera temor e inseguridad, incluso para los profesionales. La ESF se consolida como un servicio cercano a los territorios marcados por la violencia urbana, enfrentando desafíos diarios para aplicar sus herramientas, especialmente la VD

Karl Marx, força de trabalho e trabalho abstrato: mediações teóricas e políticas / Karl Marx, labour power and abstract work: theoretical and political mediations

A formação do pensamento de Karl Marx passou por momentos distintos e teve influências diversas. Dentre elas, destacam-se as chamadas "três fontes": a filosofia alemã, a economia política inglesa e a perspectiva revolucionária. No caso da economia política, é possível visualizar três períodos centrais que demarcam diferenças importantes da relação de Marx com essa ciência: até 1844, entre 1845 e 1849, e a partir de 1857. Se, no trânsito desses períodos se destacam algumas categorias importantes, as formas de tratamento dados às categorias força de trabalho e trabalho abstrato anunciam importantes mediações teóricas e políticas.

The formation of Karl Marx ́s thought went through different moments and had different influences. Among these, the so-called "three sources" stand out: German philosophy, English political economy and the revolutionary pers-pective. In the case of political economy, it is possible to visualize three central periods that demarcate important differences in Marx ́s relationship with this science: up to 1844, between 1845 and 1849, and after 1857. If, during the transit of these periods, some important categories stand out, the forms of treatment given to the categories of labour power and abstract labour announce important theoretical and political mediations

Cómo leer y generar publicaciones científicas: la importancia del título y el resumen de un artículo científico / Scientific communication: the importance of the title and abstract of a scientific paper

The abstract of a scientific research paper must be well written and reviewed. Sometimes is the only section of a paper that is read, therefore must have the problem, research question, objective, hypothesis, method, results and conclusions, with the limitation of the study. Editors through the abstract deduce what a paper is about and its scientific relevance. The title condenses the paper's content in a few words, must capture the reader's attention and includes patients and methods. Both, the research summary and title of the paper are used for references databases. The paper gives some tips to write a good research abstract and title.

El resumen de un artículo científico debe ser prolíjamente redactado y revisado ya que muchas veces es lo único que se lee. Debe ser específico y representativo del texto, describiendo el problema, el objetivo, la hipótesis, cómo se hizo la investigación y que resultados se obtuvieron con sus conclusiones, mostrando las limitaciones del estudio. El título debe llamar la atención del lector y describir los pacientes y el método en forma breve. Es en base al resumen que editores evaluan la validez y relevancia del artículo científico. El título y resumen es lo que se incorpora en las bases de datos bibliográficas. En este artículo se describen los pasos para la redacción de un resumen de un buen artículo científico.

Visual abstracts: an innovative way to disseminate scientific Information / Visual abstracts: uma forma inovadora de divulgar informação científica

ABSTRACT Technological innovations often occur and make an impact on many industries. In academia, Visual Abstracts have been a trend and represent a creative and dynamic way to disseminate scientific knowledge. Although still rare in Brazil, more than 15 journals already use Visual Abstracts worldwide. This brief paper intends to present the concept and discuss the potential effectiveness of this innovative tool.

RESUMO Inovações tecnológicas ocorrem frequentemente e causam impacto em diversos setores. No meio acadêmico, Visual Abstracts têm sido uma tendência e representam uma forma criativa e dinâmica de divulgar o conhecimento científico. Apesar de ainda raros no Brasil, mais de 15 periódicos já utilizam Visual Abstracts no mundo. Este breve artigo pretende apresentar o conceito e discutir a potencial efetividade dessa ferramenta inovadora.

Karl Marx e a economia política: da rejeição moral à assimilação crítica / Karl Marx and the Political Economy: From Moral Rejection to Critical Assimilation

Resumo: Buscou-se analisar, de forma breve, elementos históricos, teóricos e políticos que consubstanciaram o trânsito da relação entre Karl Marx e a economia política. Para tanto, destacou-se a relação dos sentidos das categorias de trabalho abstrato e de força de trabalho com o evolver dessa dinâmica, demarcado por três momentos centrais: uma crítica de teor filosófico e moral; a aceitação da teoria ricardiana dos salários; e uma assimilação crítica, propulsora de uma análise econômica inovadora.

We tried to analyze historical, theoretical and political elements that composed the transit of the relationship between Karl Marx and political economy. To do that, the relationship between the meanings of the categories of abstract work and the labour power was highlighted with the evolution of this dynamic, marked by three central moments: a critique with philosophical and moral content; the acceptance of the Ricardian theory of wages; and a critical assimilation, propelling an innovative economic analysis.

Contribuições técnicas e socioculturais da prevenção quaternária para a atenção primária à saúde: caminhos e desafios / Technical and socio-cultural contributions of quaternary prevention for primary health care: paths and challenges / Contribuciones técnicas y socioculturales de prevención cuaternaria para la atención primaria de salud: caminos y desafíos

Introdução: No contexto do Sistema Único de Saúde, o conceito da prevenção quaternária adentra timidamente os níveis de atenção à saúde, no entanto, sofre expansão significativa no âmbito da atenção primária à saúde. Objetivo: Identificar por meio da sistematização de evidências científicas, as contribuições técnicas e socioculturais da prevenção quaternária no âmbito da atenção primária à saúde no Brasil. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de estudos presentes nas bases de dados científicas da Scientific Electronic Library Online, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, biblioteca virtual da Comissão de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal do Nível Superior e MEDLINE via PubMed com a utilização dos descritores "prevenção quaternária" e "atenção primária à saúde", em inglês e português. Resultados: O corpus de análise foi composto por 22 artigos, sendo que a produção científica sobre o tema se deu de forma mais intensa a partir do ano de 2015 e, em sua maioria, possuíam como abordagem metodológica ensaios teóricos. Dentre as contribuições técnicas destacaram-se a introdução do ensino da prevenção quaternária de modo continuado aos graduandos e profissionais; a construção de protocolos e documentos de amparo profissional; a utilização de modelos explicativos dinâmicos na socialização do quadro clínico; a conduta profissional com os usuários e as contribuições socioculturais envolvendo mudanças na percepção profissional e comunitária sobre o fenômeno saúde-doença, assim como o incentivo a práticas de desmedicalização sociocultural em relação à dor, incapacidade, desconforto, envelhecimento, nascimento e morte. Conclusão: Apesar do reconhecimento das potencialidades da prevenção quaternária, faz-se necessário fortalecer estratégias que possibilitem o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas para fomentar e gerenciar alianças estratégicas com tomadores de decisão, profissionais de saúde e cidadãos, para fomentar a redução de diagnósticos e tratamentos excessivos, contribuindo com a qualidade do cuidado.

Introduction: In the context of the Unified Health System, the concept of quaternary prevention shyly enters the levels of health care, however, undergoes significant expansion in the scope of primary health care. Objective: To identify, through the systematization of scientific evidence, the technical and socio-cultural contributions of quaternary prevention within the scope of primary health care in Brazil. Methods: This is an integrative review of studies present in the scientific databases of the Scientific Electronic Library Online, Regional Portal of the Virtual Health Library of the Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information of the Pan American Health Organization, virtual library of the Higher Education Personnel Improvement Commission, and MEDLINE through PubMed using the descriptors "quaternary prevention" and "primary health care", in English and Portuguese. Results: The corpus of analysis consisted of 22 articles, and the scientific production on the topic took place more intensively from the year 2015 and, for the most part, had theoretical essays as methodological approach. Among the technical contributions, we highlight the introduction of teaching on quaternary prevention in a continuous way to undergraduates and professionals; the construction of protocols and documents of professional support; the use of dynamic explanatory models in the socialization of the clinical picture and professional conduct with users and socio-cultural contributions involve changes in the professional and community perception about the phenomenon of illness and health conception, as well as the incentive to practices of socio-cultural demedicalization in relation to pain, disability, discomfort, aging, birth, and death. Conclusion: Despite the recognition of the potential of quaternary prevention, it is necessary to strengthen strategies that enable the development of public policies to foster and manage strategic alliances with decision makers, health professionals and citizens, to promote the reduction of excessive diagnoses and treatments, contributing to the quality of care.

Introducción: En el contexto del Sistema Único de Salud, el concepto de prevención cuaternaria entra tímidamente en los niveles de atención de salud, sin embargo, experimenta una expansión significativa en el alcance de la Atención Primaria de Salud. Objetivo: Identificar, a través de la sistematización de evidencia científica, las contribuciones técnicas y socioculturales de la prevención cuaternaria en el ámbito de la Atención Primaria de Salud en Brasil. Métodos: Esta es una revisión integradora de estudios presentes en las bases de datos científicas de la Biblioteca Electrónica Científica en línea, Portal Regional de la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud del Centro Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Información en Ciencias de la Salud de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud, biblioteca virtual de la Comisión de Mejoramiento del Personal de Educación Superior y MEDLINE a través de PubMed utilizando los descriptores de prevención cuaternaria y atención primaria de salud, en inglés y portugués. Resultados: El corpus de análisis estuvo conformado por 22 artículos, siendo la producción científica sobre el tema más intensiva desde 2015 y, en su mayor parte, tuvo ensayos teóricos como abordaje metodológico. Entre los aportes técnicos, destacamos la implantación de la docencia en prevención cuaternaria de forma continua a estudiantes de pregrado y profesionales; construcción de protocolos y documentos de apoyo profesional, uso de modelos explicativos dinámicos en la socialización del cuadro clínico y conducta profesional con los usuarios y los aportes socioculturales implican cambios en la percepción profesional y comunitaria sobre el fenómeno de la enfermedad y la concepción de la salud, así como el incentivo a prácticas de desmedicalización sociocultural en relación al dolor, discapacidad, malestar, envejecimiento, nacimiento y muerte. Conclusión: A pesar del reconocimiento del potencial de la prevención cuaternaria, es necesario fortalecer estrategias que permitan el desarrollo de políticas públicas para fomentar y gestionar alianzas estratégicas con los tomadores de decisiones, profesionales de la salud y ciudadanos, para promover la reducción de diagnósticos y tratamientos excesivos, contribuyendo a la calidad de la atención.

Influence of the concrete and abstract graphs on N200 and P300 potentials / 生物医学工程学杂志

Increasing the amplitude of event-related potential is one of the key methods to improve the accuracy of the potential-based brain-computer interface, e.g., P300-based brain-computer interface. The brain-computer interface systems often use symbols or controlled objects as vision stimuli, but what visual stimuli can induce more obvious event-related potential is still unknown. This paper designed three kinds of visual stimuli, i.e., a square, an arrow, and a robot attached with an arrow, to analyze the influence of concreteness degree of the graph on the N200 and P300 potentials, and applied a support vector machine to compare the performance of the brain-computer interface under different stimuli. The results showed that, compared with the square, the robot attached with arrow and the arrow both induced larger N200 potential ( = 1.6 × 10 , = 4.2 × 10 ) and longer P300 potential ( = 2.2 × 10 , = 1.9 × 10 ) in the frontal area, but the amplitude under the arrow condition is smaller than the one under the robot attached with arrow condition. The robot attached with arrow increased the N200 potential amplitude of the square and arrow from 3.12 μV and 5.19 μV to 7.21 μV ( = 1.6 × 10 , = 8.9 × 10 ), and improved the accuracy rate from 59.95%, 61.67% to 74.45% ( = 2.1 × 10 , = 1.6 × 10 ), and the information transfer rate from 35.00 bits/min, 35.98 bits/min to 56.71 bits/min ( = 2.6 × 10 , = 1.6 × 10 ). This study shows that the concreteness of graphics could affect the N200 potential and the P300 potential. The abstract symbol could represent the meaning and evoke potentials, but the information contained in the concrete robot attached with an arrow is more correlated with the human experience, which is helpful to improve the amplitude. The results may provide new sight in modifying the stimulus interface of the brain-computer interface.

Produção científica em laser / LED na odontologia brasileira no período de 2015 a 2019 / Scientific production in laser / LED in Brazilian dentistry from 2015 to 2019

Objetivo:Investigar o perfil das publicações brasileiras em laser/LED de 2015 a 2019. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo observacional, por meio de documentação indireta, através da análise dos trabalhos apresentados nas reuniões do SBPqO de 2015 a 2019. Os estudos foram classificados quanto à instituição de ensino dos pesquisadores, estado de origem da pesquisa, especialidade odontológica e tipo de estudo. Resultados: Foram identificados 563 resumos. A maior parte foi concentrada em 2019 (21,7%), sendo os lasers operando em baixa potência os mais utilizados (54,1%). O Estado de São Paulo concentrou a maioria dos resumos (67,3%), com a região Sudeste contendo o maior número de trabalhos (76,9%). Em relação à instituição de ensino, as universidades estaduais produziram a maioria dos estudos (47.8%). A especialidade de Dentística foi a que mais realizou pesquisas em laser/LED (21,7%). A maioria dos resumos (73,7%) era do tipo de pesquisa laboratorial básica. A maioria dos trabalhos selecionados não recebeu apoio financeiro (54,7%). Dentre as agências financiadoras mencionadas, as Fundações de Amparo à Pesquisa foram as mais prevalentes (26,6%). Grande parte dos trabalhos não citou o Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa (97,5%). Houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre as instituições públicas e o recebimento de fomento (p < 0,005). Conclusão: A maior parte dos resumos foi concentrada em 2019, com maior número de pesquisas no Estado de São Paulo, realizadas em instituições Públicas e na especialidade de Dentística. Foi observado um número maior de estudos do tipo laboratorial. Além disso, a maioria dos estudos não recebeu fomento para pesquisa.

Aim: To determine the profile of Brazilian publications in laser/ LED from 2015 to 2019. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted, using indirect documentation to analyze the papers presented at SBPqO meetings from 2015 to 2019. Results: 563 abstracts involving the use of laser/LED were evaluated and subsequently classified according to higher education research institution, state where the research was conducted, dental specialty, and type of study. Most of the abstracts involving the laser/LED were concentrated in 2019 (21.7%), with low-power lasers being the most frequently used (54.1%). Most of the abstracts were concentrated in the State of São Paulo (67.3%), with the Southeast region containing the largest number of works (76.9%). Regarding the higher education institution, the state universities produced a larger number of the studies (47.8%). Restorative dentistry was the specialty that most developed studies in the laser/LED area (21.7%). Most abstracts (73.7%) were classified as basic laboratory research. Most of the selected studies received no financial support (54.7%). Among the funding agencies mentioned, the Research Support Foundations were the most prevalent (26.6%). Most studies did not mention the Research Ethics Committee (97.5%). There was a statistically significant association between public institutions and the receipt of funding (p < 0.005). Conclusion: Most of the abstracts were identified in 2019, with a greater number of studies conducted in the State of São Paulo, in state institutions across the country, and in the specialty area of restorative dentistry. Laboratory-type studies were the most prevalent. Moreover, most studies received no funding for research.

Análisis del concepto de abstracción y su uso en referencia a las relaciones conductuales / An analysis of the concept of abstraction and its use about behavioral relations

Resumen El concepto de abstracción ha sido difundido en la literatura conceptual y experimental en el análisis de la conducta desde inicios del siglo XX. Su uso en las aproximaciones derivadas de la teoría del condicionamiento, predominantemente ha sido permeado por categorías de orden operacional, lo cual ha permitido que se considere de forma equivalente o análoga a los conceptos de categorización y formación de conceptos, y que se formulen taxonomías de niveles de abstracción con base en criterios morfológicos. En el presente escrito, se describen las características de dichos usos en la tradición del análisis de la conducta, se identifican algunas insuficiencias conceptuales en torno a su definición con base en categorías operacionales y morfológicas, y se propone como alternativa una definición del comportamiento abstracto y una taxonomía de niveles de complejidad de este comportamiento desde una perspectiva interconductual.

Abstract The use of the concept of abstraction has been disseminated within the conditioning theory, predominantly permeated by operational categories, which has allowed it to be considered equivalent to the concepts of categorization and concept formation. Consequently, the taxonomies of levels of abstraction are formulated based on morphological criteria. In the present paper, the characteristics of these uses are described, some shortcomings are identified around their definition based on operational and morphological categories, and an alternative definition of abstract behavior and a taxonomy of complexity levels from a perspective interbehavioral is proposed.

Combinaciones de retroalimentación e igualación de la muestra generalizada bajo estímulos y relaciones de igualación familiares y no familiares / Combinações de retroalimentação e igualação da amostra generalizada sob estímulos e relações de igualação familiares e não familiares / Feedback combinations and generalized matching-to-sample performance under familiar and unfamiliar stimuli and matching relations

Resumen Seis grupos de estudiantes de preparatoria se expusieron a una tarea de igualación de la muestra de segundo orden y a pruebas de generalización con estímulos familiares y no familiares, así como con una nueva relación de igualación. Para dos grupos, las respuestas de igualación correctas e incorrectas produjeron la retroalimentación correspondiente de acuerdo con un programa continuo y uno intermitente, respectivamente. Las respuestas correctas produjeron retroalimentación y las respuestas incorrectas produjeron pantallas en blanco y viceversa para otros dos grupos, respectivamente. Dos grupos adicionales estuvieron expuestos a combinaciones similares de retroalimentación y pantallas en blanco, pero se instruyó a los participantes sobre el "significado" de las pantallas antes del entrenamiento. Se observó igualación de la muestra generalizada extra-relacional con estímulos familiares o no familiares solo después de las condiciones de entrenamiento en las que se programó retroalimentación intermitente Correcto-Incorrecto, así como cuando las respuestas de igualación incorrectas produjeron pantallas en blanco y las respuestas correctas produjeron la retroalimentación correspondiente. Las instrucciones sobre el significado de las pantallas en blanco produjeron ejecuciones generalizadas ligeramente superiores a las observadas después de la retroalimentación continua Correcto-Incorrecto, las cuales a su vez fueron similares a las ejecuciones observadas después de la condición Correcto-Pantalla en blanco, sin instrucción. Los resultados confirman una tendencia inicial a tratar las pantallas en blanco como retroalimentación para respuestas correctas y sugieren un proceso común de "desligamiento" entre la retroalimentación intermitente y la retroalimentación Incorrecto-Pantalla en blanco.

Resumo Seis grupos de estudantes de vestibular foram expostos a uma tarefa de igualação da amostra de segunda ordem e a testes de generalização com estímulos familiares e não familiares, bem como a uma nova relação de igualação. Para dois grupos, as respostas de igualação corretas e incorretas produziram a retroalimentação correspondente de acordo com um programa contínuo e um intermitente, respectivamente, em que as respostas corretas produziram retroalimentação e as incorretas, ecrãs brancos - e vice-versa para outros dois grupos. Dois grupos adicionais estiveram expostos a combinações semelhantes de retroalimentação e ecrãs brancos, mas foi instruído aos participantes o "significado" das telas antes do treinamento. Foi observada igualação da amostra generalizada extrarrelacional com estímulos familiares e não familiares somente depois das condições de treinamento nas quais foi programada a retroalimentação intermitente Correto-incorreto, bem como quando as respostas de igualação incorretas produziram ecrãs brancos, e quando as respostas corretas produziram a retroalimentação correspondente. As instruções sobre o significado dos ecrãs brancos produziram execuções generalizadas levemente superiores às observadas após a retroalimentação contínua Correto-incorreto, as quais, por sua vez, foram similares às execuções observadas depois da condição Correto-ecrã branco, sem instrução. Os resultados confirmam uma tendência inicial a tratar os ecrãs brancos como retroalimentação para respostas corretas e sugerem um processo comum de "desligamento" entre a retroalimentação intermitente e a retroalimentação Incorreto-ecrã branco.

Abstract Six groups of high-school students were exposed to a second-order matching-to-sample task and generalization tests trials using familiar and unfamiliar stimuli as well as a new matching relation. For two groups correct and incorrect matching responses produced the corresponding feedback according to continuous and intermittent schedules, respectively. Correct responses produced feedback and incorrect responses produced blanks and vice versa for other two groups, respectively. Two additional groups were exposed to similar feedback-blanks combinations but participants were instructed about the "meaning" of blanks before training. Extra-relational generalized matching-to-sample performance with either familiar or unfamiliar stimuli was observed after training conditions in which intermittent right-wrong feedback was scheduled, as well as when incorrect matching responses produced blanks and correct responses produced the corresponding feedback. Instructions about the meaning of blanks produced generalized performances slightly higher to those observed after continuous right-wrong feedback, which in turn were similar to performances observed after the uninstructed right-blank feedback combination condition. Results confirm an initial tendency to treat blanks as if they mean right and suggest a common "detachment" processes between intermittent feedback and the wrong-blanks feedback combination.

Fate of Abstracts Presented at the Korean College of Rheumatology Annual Scientific Meetings

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the fate of abstracts presented at scientific meetings of the Korean College of Rheumatology (KCR). METHODS: This study examined the abstracts presented at annual meetings of the KCR from 2005 to 2014. Only original studies were selected, excluding case reports. A manual search was conducted using PubMed, KoreaMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase to track the published articles. The abstracts were considered to have been published if the authors, title, study design, and results were the same for a published article. In addition, they were considered published if the author and the study design matched, even if the results of the abstract and the results of the published articles were not identical. RESULTS: A total of 928 abstracts from 2005 to 2014 were analyzed. Of the 928 abstracts, 468 (50.43%) abstracts were published in a peer-reviewed journal and the mean time to publication was 19 months. Of the 468 abstracts, 414 were published in a science citation index extended (SCI[E]) journal, and 54 were published in non-SCI(E) journals. The proportion of SCI(E) articles increased annually. The average impact factor for the SCI(E) journals was 2.93. In subgroup analysis, the abstracts that were awarded the best oral or best poster presentation were more likely to be published as full-length articles with a higher impact factor than the abstracts not awarded. CONCLUSION: Half of the abstracts presented in the KCR annual meetings were published in a peer-reviewed journal. Approximately 90% of the articles were published in a SCI(E) journal.

Publication rate of presentations at Korean plastic surgery meetings: The R&R Forum, KSAPS, and KSPRS (2011–2015)

BACKGROUND: Since the initial Research and Reconstruction Forum (R&R Forum) in 2011, the R&R Forum, Korean Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (KSAPS), and Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons (KSPRS) have held annual meetings. This study was conducted to provide updated information on the publication rate of presentations at those meetings. METHODS: Plastic surgery–related abstracts presented at the R&R Forum, KSAPS, and KSPRS between 2011 and 2015 were collected. The sessions were divided into free papers, posters, and e-presentations (or e-posters) for each annual meeting. Abstract publication status was confirmed through PubMed, Google Scholar, the KCI-Korean Journal Database, and the KMbase database. RESULTS: In total, 2,335 abstracts were presented in the free paper, poster, and e-presentation sessions. Of these, 622 (26.6%) were published. The overall publication rates were 240 of 684 abstracts (35.1%) presented at the R&R Forum, 56 of 216 abstracts (25.9%) presented at the KSAPS meetings, and 326 of 1,435 abstracts (22.7%) presented at the KSPRS meetings. In terms of specific annual meetings, the 2014 R&R Forum had the highest publication rate (39.9%), followed by the 2015 KSAPS (31.0%) and the 2015 KSPRS (28.8%). CONCLUSIONS: Scientific researchers present diverse results at these professional meetings, with a focus on innovative surgical techniques and improved surgical outcomes. This is our second study on this topic. Despite its limitations, this study indirectly shows that the recognition of Korean plastic surgeons and the quality of the annual meetings of Korean societies of plastic surgery have risen to the global level.

The Current Status and Evolution of Clinical Trials on Kampo Medicine : Examining “Evidence Reports of Kampo Treatment” / 日本東洋医学雑誌

The Japan Society for Oriental Medicine has summarized randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using Japanese traditional (Kampo) medicine in structured abstracts, named “Evidence Reports of Kampo Treatment” (EKAT). In this study, we developed a method of classification based on study design, method of intervention, study aim, journal credibility, and year of publication. Then we classified 416 RCTs in EKAT and examined the current status and evolution of RCTs using Kampo medicine in Japan. Double-­blinded RCTs (DB-RCTs) accounted for only 8.9% of the RCTs in EKAT, and 86.5% of DB-RCTs were placebo-controlled. Among the RCTs that aimed to investigate the efficacy of Kampo medicine for diseases without standard Western medical treatment, DB-­RCT accounted for 64.9%. In recent years, there have been fewer envelope RCTs and quasi-­RCTs, which are prone to an increased risk of bias. The proportion of articles reporting RCTs in journals with an impact factor ( > 0.79 points reported by Journal Citation Reports) has been increasing with each passing year. This implies that the recent research in Kampo medicine has improved its quality and has gained an appreciation in modern medicine. The present study was conducted in “Problem-based Learning” in the 2nd grade of Tohoku University School of Medicine.